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There are five basic types of awards utilized by the federal government and other funding entities.
Grant. A written agreement with a specific scope of work which is legally enforceable with administrative terms and conditions for the use of funds and may provide provisions for intellectual property reporting and publication rights. It is can be the result of either a solicited or unsolicited proposal. A grant is an agreement to carry out specific projects or service in which the sponsor and recipient share a common goal. There is normally latitude in meeting the stated goals and objectives, especially on a research grant since the outcomes are often unknown. OMB circulars govern federal grants. Grants are an assistance mechanism.
Contract. An acquisition or procurement instrument that has specific terms, deliverables, and conditions subject to negotiation. A contract is enforceable by law, normally involves a deliverable and may contain provisions of exclusive or proprietary use of results by the sponsor. There is a significant level of accountability and performance standards. Federal contracts are governed by FAR. A contract is an acquisition action.
Cooperative Agreement. A legal agreement providing funds to accomplish a public purpose that anticipates substantial involvement of the sponsor which is detailed in the proposal/award. Cooperative agreements are subject to OMB circulars and are a hybrid of grants and contracts.
Memorandum of Agreement. Not a grant, contract or cooperative agreement. A MOA embodies a spirit of cooperation and may or may not include funding. A MOA is not intended to justify “sole source”.
Subagreement. An agreement between two entities, one of which normally receives funds from the prime sponsor and some of those funds are “passed-through” to a second organization. Subagreements are basically subject to all the restrictions and expectations placed on the prime recipient.
National Institutes of Health Types of Grants
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/funding_program.htm
Awards can be one of several types in addition to the mechanism.
Competing award – peer reviewed
Non-competing award (continuation of previously reviewed project)
Supplemental (additional funds)
Modification (budgetary revision, change of key personnel, administrative change, termination end change
No cost extension
Modification or Amendments (normally contracts)
Original Contributor:
Phillip Myers, Western Kentucky University - phillip.myers@wku.edu
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