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Research administration is nearly as old as our country and it has always been a service undergoing constant change. Change was prolific in each of the five eras: (1) pre-World War II through the 1960s which saw a flood of federal funding; (2) the 1970s, which witnessed the proliferation of stricter regulations and financial auditing; (3) the 1980s which saw an explosion of unfunded mandates that continues; (4) the present in which accustomed levels of federal funding have been cut back in many areas while the needs of researchers have grown and sponsored programs offices have been faced with challenges to become more sophisticated to provide efficient services; and (5) the future where sponsored programs administrators will continue to face hitherto unrealized changes as the demands on researchers grow and new science moves into the ethical arena more than in the past.
Change is apparent in the chronology of NIH/PHS, which started as the Marine Hospital Service in 1798 in New York City to combat cholera and other diseases. Nearly a century later it became a Laboratory of Hygiene. In 1891 the Laboratory moved to Washington, D.C. In 1912 the name PHS replaced Marine Hospital Service. In 1935 the research facility benefited from a gift of 45 acres and the buildings and grounds were dedicated by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
In 1946, the first Research Grants Office was created at PHS, which was the beginning of extramural research. The first NIH record was published in 1949. The institutes within the NIH proliferated from the 1960s through the 1990s, until today’s structure of 27 institutes and centers, each with their own mission, were in place.
References:
Kenneth L. Beasley, “The History of Research Administration,” in Elliott C. Kulakowski and Lynne U. Chronister, Research Administration and Management (Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2006), 9-29.
Matthew A. Kinnard, Ph.D., Director, Extramural Assoicates Program, NICHD, NIH, SRA Annual Meeting, Milwaukee, WI, October 17, 2005, p. 1.
Other Sources on the history of research administration:
The Role of Research Administration, NCURA Micrograph Series, Contributors: Ken Beasley, Julie Cole, Anne Dick, Stephen Erickson, Christina Hansen, Cheryl-Lee Howard, Julie Norris, Thomas Wilson. NCURA, April 2000.
William R. Tash and Stephen Miles Sacks, The Payoff: Evaluating Research-Centers, Institutes, Laboratories, Consortia, for Success. SciPolicy Special Editions, No 1, 2004, pp. 7-10.
Julie T. Norris and Jane A. Youngers, “Sponsored Programs Offices in Higher Education: A Continuing Evolution Responding to Federal Requirements,” Council on Governmental Relations, 1998.
Original Contributor:
1 Pamela B. Whitlock, University of North Carolina at Wilmington: whitlock@uncw.edu
2 Julie Cole, Georgia Southern University: JCole@georgiasouthern.edu
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